Thursday, March 06, 2014

Appropriating Facebook: Enacting Information Literacies

An interesting study newly published (open access) on Human IT:
Hanell, F. (2014). Appropriating Facebook: enacting information literacies, Human IT, 12 (3), 5–35. http://etjanst.hb.se/bhs/ith/3-12/index.htm The focus is a Facebook group set up as a course support for a class taken by trainee teachers, where students and two lecturers were participating. After examining in detail the ways in which the Facebook group was being used, the author explores what being information literate with Facebook means in this context.
"Abstract: The aim of this paper is to describe and analyse the repurposing of Facebook into a tool for learning in teacher training, and how information literacies are enacted in the process. The study is informed by a socio-cultural view on information literacy which implies that learning and literacies are situated, tool-based practices. An ethnographic study of a Facebook Group with two hundred Swedish teacher trainees and two educators is conducted. Five semi-structured interviews contextualize and validate the online material. 201 conversations from the Group during April and May 2012 are analysed using the theoretical concept appropriation and the empirical lens of information literacy. The Facebook Group can be appropriated as a problem-solving tool and a relation-building tool. Depending on the mode of appropriation, different information literacies including different conceptions of credibility are enacted in the Facebook Group."
Photo by Sheila Webber: a lost pig, March 2014 (it had disappeared by next day, I hope it had found its home again)

Wednesday, March 05, 2014

cfp: Georgia International Conference on Information Literacy

There is a call for proposals for the Georgia International Conference on Information Literacy, which will be held October 9-11, 2014 in the Coastal Georgia Center, Savannah, USA. Themes include: Defining information literacy in the digital age, effective means of developing information literacy skills in learners, partnerships between librarians and classroom teachers to teach students research skills and information literacy across the disciplines.
Deadline for proposals is April 15 2014. More information at http://academics.georgiasouthern.edu/ce/conferences/infolit/
Photo by Sheila Webber: the euphorbia is escaping, March 2014

Registration open and extended cfp: Facing the Future: Librarians and Information Literacy in a Changing Landscape

The IFLA Information Literacy Satellite Meeting (to be held in Limerick, Ireland, 14-15 August) has opened registration and also extended the deadline for proposals to 15 March 2014. The theme is Facing the Future: Librarians and Information Literacy in a Changing Landscape and the keynote speakers are Michael Stephens, Nancy Fried Foster, and Conor Galvin. More information at http://iflasatellitelimerick.com/

Tuesday, March 04, 2014

Call for Papers: Space, Literacies and Culture

There is a call for papers for the Centre for the Study of Literacies' 6th Annual Conference at The University of Sheffield, 27-28- June 2014. The title is Space, Literacies and Culture
"We are interested in papers that make sense of everyday literacies and communicative practices linking to questions connected with space, place and culture. We are hoping to attract papers that explore new methodologies and crossdisciplinary approaches that are about understanding the uses of literacy in all its forms. We value critical and emancipatory research, as well as participatory approaches. We welcome papers from established and new scholars from the fields of literacy and language in all their forms." The deadline for proposals 28 March 2014. More information at http://www.sheffield.ac.uk/education/research/groups/csnl/space-literacies-culture
Photo by Sheila Webber: crocuses, March 2014

CoALA Summit: Educating in a World of Diversity

The Colorado Academic Library Association (CoALA) invites proposals for the 2014 CoALA Summit: Educating in a World of Diversity, 18-19 June 2014. On the first day there will be presentations and a keynote from Camila Alire, and, on the second day, pecha-kucha presentations. Suggested topics are "Instructional technologies; Accessibility initiatives; Digital divide; Devices in libraries; Services/Outreach to diverse populations; Information fluency instruction/embedded librarianship; Collection content and formats; Special Collections & Archives; Social Networking for access, teaching, and learning; Partnerships with community organizations; New academic librarians." The deadline for submissions is March 15 2014. More information at: https://docs.google.com/a/sheffield.ac.uk/forms/d/1o5JegkSwfmFa1ZMQhROz_qQQ73gHrOGWuW5xQaQHYZE/viewform
Photo by Sheila Webber: hellibores, March 2014

Monday, March 03, 2014

Short articles on teaching engineering students, and millenial students

Articles from the Spring 2014 issue of Refer are available full text. As usual, these are mainly short articles from practice. They include:
- Information literacy teaching for engineering and physical sciences students: Evi Tramantza
http://info.cilip.org.uk/In/50356913/0/olQgFvb3%7en9Nyyq6emFiju73BQSI4UH7EVRsmNE3ff9/
- Evaluating research skills of millennial students in a brand new educational institution: Ivan Smagin
http://info.cilip.org.uk/In/50356914/0/olQgFvb3%7en9Nyyq6emFiju73BQSI4UH7EVRsmNE3ff9/
also, since I feel nostalgic about this event, which I attended from its early years:
- The end of Online and the end of an era: Charles Oppenheim
http://info.cilip.org.uk/In/50356909/0/olQgFvb3%7en9Nyyq6emFiju73BQSI4UH7EVRsmNE3ff9/
The pdf and hard copy are available to subscribers (Refer is a publication of the CILIP Information Services Group)
Photo by Sheila Webber: grey squirrel flashing its tail, March 2014

Sunday, March 02, 2014

Metronet Information Literacy Initiative (MILI)

There are some useful resources on the Metronet Information Literacy Initiative website, in particular the 23-Things-type development sessions which can be accessed, and the extensive introductory powerpoint which explains the value of information literacy etc.  "The primary goal of the Metronet Information Literacy Initiative is to advocate for the integration of the MEMO Recommended Standards for Information and Technology Literacy in Minnesota [USA] schools and to advance the teaching of information literacy skills in the classroom. To do this, Metronet has created teacher/media specialist training that focuses on the 5 steps of the research process and incorporating the Three Rs—Research, Reliable Resources, and Responsible Use—into classroom instruction. Web 2.0 tools—blogs, wikis, online collaboration tools, and more—and iPad apps are included in the instruction in context and where using these tools enhances student learning and teaching." http://metronetmili.pbworks.com/w/page/20821966/FrontPage
Photo by Sheila Webber: snowdrops, March 2014

Deadline extended: understanding health literacy from an information science perspective

The deadline for proposals for papers for the Information Literacy Section /Health and Biosciences Libraries Section session at the World Library and Information Conference (in Lyon, France, 16-22 August 2014) has been extended to 21 March 2014. The theme of the session is: It’s public knowledge: understanding health literacy from an information science perspective. "We are interested in proposals which contribute to our understanding of health literacy and address one of the following themes: How can the perspective of information scientists complement the work of scholars from other backgrounds in this field? How can librarians’ expertise in information literacy and awareness of current pedagogical methods contribute to increased health literacy? In what ways can health librarians’ knowledge of evidence-based practice be used to identify the most effective interventions in the health literacy area? Can librarians ensure that the best use is made of research and that health literacy programmes are based on sound policy decisions? How can collaboration between librarians and other scholars and practitioners in the health sciences, social sciences and in education increase our understanding of this major public health concern?"
More information at http://conference.ifla.org/ifla80/calls-for-papers/its-public-knowledge-information-specialists-defining-and-delivering-health
Photo by Sheila Webber: alder catkins, March 2014

Thursday, February 27, 2014

Tips: Mind and Concept Mapping

The new issue (Winter 2014) of ACRL Instruction Section's Tips & Trends has been published. The theme is Mind and Concept Mapping. It has a concise 3 pages outlining benefits, drawbacks and examples, plus a bibliography. Go to http://www.ala.org/acrl/aboutacrl/directoryofleadership/sections/is/iswebsite/projpubs/tipsandtrends for this and also for previous Tips and Trends.
On this topic, I have just put up a full-text paper I wrote about using mindmapping as part of teaching students to search: it was written in 2002 but I think it's still relevant. http://www.slideshare.net/sheilawebber/mapping-a-path-to-the-embpowered-searcher
Photo: student map, created 2008.

Library TeachMeets wiki

Helen Blanchett has helpfully created a Library TeachMeets wiki with information about upcoming TeachMeets in the UK and links to past ones (which usually have their presentations etc. online), together with a page to share TeachMeet tips. A useful resource!  http://libteachmeet.pbworks.com/w/page/64677116/FrontPage
Photo by Sheila Webber: Lost rabbit, lost item series, February 2014

Wednesday, February 26, 2014

Survey on using "learning theories for libraries"

Jenny Dale and Lauren Pressley are seeking input for a book they are preparing on learning theories for libraries. They say "One of our primary goals is to make theoretical topics applicable and useful for an audience of librarians. To achieve this goal, we would love to include lesson plans, activities, and approaches practicing librarians use to incorporate various learning theories into their pedagogical practices." They are collecting examples though a survey at: https://docs.google.com/a/sheffield.ac.uk/forms/d/1jK2hHTTwLpzL8aS3tOAAP6_bKer7dfgg6VNb1ujtYvI/viewform
Photo by Sheila Webber: shadow, stairwell, education building, January 2014

Tuesday, February 25, 2014

Journal Club in Second Life: 26 February: Threshold Concepts Approach to the Standards Revision

Join us in the virtual world Second Life for a one-hour discussion of an open-access article. Led by me (Sheila Webber, University of Sheffield iSchool, Sheila Yoshikawa in Second Life) we will be discussing:
Hofer A, Brunetti K, Townsend L. (2013) A Threshold Concepts Approach to the Standards Revision. Communications in information literacy. 7(2), 108-113. http://edin.ac/1hhaaVi
The new draft ACRL standards have just been published, so it is timely to discuss this article which puts forward the rationale behind taking this approach in the new standards. As well as the article by Meyer and Land that is cited in this paper, if you are keen, you could also look at some other articles on threshold concepts e.g.
Cousin, G. (2006) An introduction to threshold concepts. Planet. (17), 4-5. http://journals.heacademy.ac.uk/doi/full/10.11120/plan.2006.00170004

When: 26 February 2014 12.00 noon SL time (which is 8.00pm UK time and the same
as US pacific time: see http://tinyurl.com/pdz36gr for times elsewhere)

Where: Infolit iSchool Journal Club room, in the virtual world Second Life, http://maps.secondlife.com/secondlife/Infolit%20iSchool/106/209/31 You need a SL avatar and the Second Life browser installed on your computer.

Everyone is welcome to join the one-hour discussion.

A Sheffield iSchool Centre for Information Literacy Research event.

Monday, February 24, 2014

Comment on the new draft ACRL standards! #ACRLILRevisions

The draft Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education which will update the Information Literacy Competency Standards for Higher Education (commonly called the ACRL information literacy standards) has been published. The current document contains the Introduction and Three Threshold Concepts plus a Glossary and Bibliography. In early April they will also release Additional Threshold Concepts and Sample Scenarios
They are open for comment until April 15. Whilst the primary target for these standards are people in North America, the ACRL standards have been very influential elsewhere and as far as I can see they would welcome feedback from people elsewhere in the world. Since I am up to my eyes in work at the moment I haven't read through the document, but I will do so shortly, and aim to organise some discussion around it. Go to the following page for more information and links http://acrl.ala.org/ilstandards/?page_id=133
Photo by Sheila Webber: someone had placed a rose in a tree trunk that I pass on the way to work; it lasted several days.

Sunday, February 23, 2014

Evaluation of best practices in the design of online evidence-based practice instructional modules

New article: Foster, M., Shurtz, S. and Pepper, C. (2014) Evaluation of best practices in the design of online evidence-based practice instructional modules. Journal of the Medical Library Association, 102 (1), 31-40. The focus is on evaluating tutorials about critical thinking and evidence based practice. "By systematically collecting and evaluating instructional modules, the authors found many potentially useful elements for module creation. Also, by reviewing the limitations of the evaluated modules, the authors were able to anticipate and plan ways to overcome potential issues in module design." I think that some of the criticisms at the end apply to quite a lot of online tutorials related to information literacy .... The article is on open access at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3878933/
Photo by Sheila Webber: lunch, February 2014

Saturday, February 22, 2014

Research about technology and relationships; Facebook

A new survey from the Pew Research Center asked a sample of 2,252 adults, aged 18+, in the USA, about how use of the internet and social media affected their relationships. Some interesting results, for example:
- "10% of internet users who are married or partnered say that the internet has had a “major impact” on their relationship" (74% of those said a positive impact)
- "23% of 18-29 year olds in serious relationships report resolving an argument using digital tools that they were having trouble resolving in person"
- "9% of adult cell owners have sent a sext of themselves to someone else, up from 6% of cell owners who said this in 2012"
The report is at http://www.pewinternet.org/2014/02/11/couples-the-internet-and-social-media/
Also earlier this month Pew posted 6 new facts about Facebook, which are:
- "Some users dislike certain aspects of Facebook, but fear of missing out on social activities (or “FOMO”) isn’t one of them"
- "Women and men often have varying reasons for why they use Facebook – but everything starts with sharing and laughs"
- "Half of all adult Facebook users have more than 200 friends in their network"
- "12% of Facebook users say that someone has asked them to “unfriend” a person in their network"
- "Facebook users “like” their friends’ content and comment on photos relatively frequently, but most don’t change their own status that often"
- "Half of internet users who do not use Facebook themselves live with someone who does"
This comes from a survey - more details pop up if you click the link to the survey near the top of the page. http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2014/02/03/6-new-facts-about-facebook/
Photo by Sheila Webber: had forgotten I'd planted these, February 2014

Primary Research infolit benchmarking survey

Market research company Primary Research is looking for respondents from university libraries to fill in their Information Literacy benchmarking report. The incentive is that you get a free copy of the report if you complete the questionnaire. The survey is here https://www.surveymonkey.com/s/InformationLiteracyBenchmarks2014 and information about the previous report is here:
http://www.primaryresearch.com/view_product.php?report_id=37

Thursday, February 20, 2014

New edition of William Badke's Research Strategies

There's a new, 5th, edition of:
Badke, W. (2014) Research Strategies: Finding your Way through the Information Fog. (5th edition). Bloomington, IN: iUniverse.com
More about it here, it's available in print or e-book: http://acts.twu.ca/Library/textbook.htm
Photo by Sheila Webber: after the trip to the farmers market, the pudding was delicious, February 2014

Wednesday, February 19, 2014

CILIPS Discovery Day: Putting Research into Practice

On April 22nd 2014 CILIP Scotland are running a Discovery Day: Putting Research into Practice, in collaboration with Information Science Scotland. It will be held at Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, Scotland. "The day will focus on various research projects and look at how the results and findings can be applied by delegates in their day jobs. Covering a range of topics it will inform advocacy, good practice and improve the links between academic practice and the day to day challenges professionals face." More details at http://www.cilips.org.uk/cilips-discovery-day/

Tuesday, February 18, 2014

New articles: faculty-librarian collaboration

Two new articles from the open access journal Collaborative Librarianship.
Gardner, C. and White-Farnham, J. (2013) “She Has a Vocabulary I Just Don’t Have”: Faculty Culture and Information Literacy Collaboration. Collaborative Librarianship, 5 (4). "The authors describe difficulties pertaining to discipline-specific discourse and identity among collabora-tors during the process of revising the information literacy component of a first-year writing program. Hardesty’s term “faculty culture” offers a frame through which to understand resistance and tension among otherwise engaged faculty and situates this experience within the uncomfortable history between faculty and librarians who may be perceived as “inauthentic” faculty. The authors suggest ways to im-prove communication between librarians and writing program faculty when collaborating on information literacy instruction." http://www.collaborativelibrarianship.org/index.php/jocl/article/viewArticle/258

Sanabria, J. (2013) The Librarian and the Collaborative Design of Effective Library Assignments: Recommendations for Faculty on Question Design for Student Success in Research Assignments. Collaborative Librarianship, 5 (4). "The success of library research assignments depends to some extent on the quality of the research question posed to students. Librarians can help teaching faculty craft more effective research assignments through intentional partnerships where librarians discuss with faculty how to pose well-structured research questions, what library resources are available to support the research and what a faculty member expects a student to learn from the exercise." http://www.collaborativelibrarianship.org/index.php/jocl/article/view/273
Photo by Sheila Webber, bluebells, 2011

Saturday, February 15, 2014

Survey on risks of social networking (UK respondents sought)

David Haynes is running a short survey (as part of a PhD) which seeks UK residents' views on the risks associated with online social networking and the ways in which those risks might be managed. If you can spare 15 minutes or so (it took me less than that) go to http://edu.surveygizmo.com/s3/1285680/Social-Networks-Risk-and-Privacy-July-2013. You can ask for a copy of the results if you complete the study.

Friday, February 14, 2014

Blog-post Journal Club: 19 February: the research agenda for Information Literacy #ILread

The next blog-post discussion on the Infolit Journal Club blog will take place on Wednesday 19th February at 8pm UK time (See http://tinyurl.com/qd9vkbu for times elsewhere). The focus is on the agenda(s) for information literacy research. For example:

What do you think of the research agendas that other people have drawn up?
What do you think are the top priorities for research in Information Literacy?

The idea is that people aim to read something before the discussion: there are three *short* papers linked on the website at http://infolitjournalclub.blogspot.co.uk/2014/02/next-journal-club-19th-february.html giving three different perspectives on priorities, approaches, topics etc.

Then just go along at 8pm on the 19th, and join in the discussion, through posting comments to that blog post. The journal club team hope you can join us to discuss this fascinating topic. If you have any questions, email me at s.webber@sheffield.ac.uk
Picture by Sheila Webber, motivator format from bighugelabs.com

Thursday, February 13, 2014

LILAC programme published #lilac14

The UK's information literacy conference, LILAC, has published its programme. The conference is being held 23-25 April at Sheffield Hallam University, UK. I'm not going this year, but several of my colleagues in the Sheffield University iSchool and Library are presenting papers or posters, and iSchool students as well. Namely the following:
Innovation, creativity and change: utilising appreciative inquiry and reflective practice to achieve asset based information literacy: Vicky Grant, Barbara Sen and Denise Harrison
Supporting young people’s heath information needs: Barbara Sen and Hannah Spring
Supporting information literacy educators: reflective pedagogic planning improving information literacy practice: Pam McKinney and Barbara Sen
Myths or facts: what do serodiscordant couples in Malawi know about HIV ad AIDS? Kondwani Wella
Posters
Embedding multiple literacies in a MOOC for professionals: Penny Andrews
History of Medicine 2.0: using creative media to enhance information literacy teaching for 1st year medical students: Catherine Bazela, Vicky Grant, Anthea Tucker,
Digital literacy in practice: bringing the library to the classroom: Jen Smith
The full programme is at: http://www.lilacconference.com/WP/

Wednesday, February 12, 2014

Information Literacy: a subject for the 21st Century

I was invited to do an editorial for an issue of the Pakistan Journal of Library and Information Science on information literacy, and it has now been published. I called it Information Literacy: a subject for the 21st Century and you can find it here: http://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/pjlis/pdf/1st%20Paper_v_14_13.pdf. This issue also contains an article with one of my PhD students as second-named author (Job Satisfaction among Public and Private University/Degree Awarding Institution Librarians of Lahore: A Comparative Study by Moeen Hyder, Syeda Hina Batool) and the article Variable Affecting the Information Needs and Seeking Behavior of Educational Administrators: A Review is also of relevance to this blog. The issue containing all three items (and others) is at http://pu.edu.pk/home/journal/8/Current-Issue.html.
Photo by Sheila Webber: a beautiful morning in Birmingham, February 2014.

Tuesday, February 11, 2014

New articles in SCONUL Focus

The latest issue of SCONUL FOCUS (no. 59) includes
Evaluation of a self-audit tool to support information skills development in postgraduate students (Suzie Kitchin , Dr Sue Lampitt)
MOOCs and libraries: the good, the bad and the ugly (Sarah Davis)
Twitter at Canterbury Christ Church University (Ian Clark)
and other short articles from practice at UK academic libraries. Go to: http://www.sconul.ac.uk/page/focus-59
Photo by Sheila Webber: train/canal, Birmingham, February 2014.

Monday, February 10, 2014

cfp Journal of Creative Library Practice

The the open-access Journal of Creative Library Practice (JCLP) is accepting papers and manuscripts concerning information literacy/ library instruction. "We know that many librarians employ creative techniques to teach library instruction sessions, so if you have had success implementing a new method or idea, we would love to hear about it. Below are some other topic ideas. Did you: Teach elementary school students how to code? Demonstrate how to use a 3D printer? Implement board game concepts into a session? Create a new way to assess learning outcomes? Teach a class using an established technique but with a twist? Have students use a unique piece of software?"  JCLP publishes articles, opinion pieces, and peer-reviewed research. For more info, go to http://creativelibrarypractice.org/
Photo by Sheila Webber, taken in Second Life: a student at Edinburgh University visits my information literacy installation, January 2014

Support for holding infolit training events

The CILIP (UK's Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals) Information Literacy Group is offering financial support for organisations hosting information literacy events. It is hoped that this "will enable smaller institutions and organisations to develop and provide additional events that can support staff IL skills in the workplace. Where possible funding received should enable an event to be held for free, making it accessible for all." Sponsorship of up to £500 is available for applicants to host information literacy events, e.g. where you may have to pay for speaker fees and/or travel and subsistence, refreshments, lunch etc. for delegates.
Sponsorship of up to £250 is available for applicants to host libteachmeets. e.g. where you may have to pay for refreshments for delegates, or venue hire.The money should cover things like venue hire, refreshments, speaker fees or expenses. "As part of the funding conditions you would need to promote the sponsorship of the group and produce a short reflective article/blog post (approx 1000 words) about the event held." For further information about applications, contact the Catherine McManamon, c.mcmanamon@mmu.ac.uk
Photo by Sheila Webber: rare lull in Remo's, February 2014

Sunday, February 09, 2014

Report on teaching information literacy at Penn State

My eye was caught by a news release on the Penn State University (USA) website about a presentation by Anne Behler and John Meier being accepted for the LOEX (US information literacy) conference. Well done to those librarians as regards the PR! It links to a report that they have produced which surveyed other academic libraries' practice in teaching information literacy, and audits Penn State's own practice: Moving Forward: Envisioning Instructional Services for the Future. The report is at http://www.libraries.psu.edu/content/dam/psul/up/groups/assessmentcouncil/Moving%20Forward.pdf
Photo by Sheila Webber: St Georges, Sheffield, February 2014

Friday, February 07, 2014

Metaliteracy blog

I think I've mentioned it before, but it's well worth keeping track of the Metaliteracy blog http://metaliteracy.org/. At time of writing recent posts including some thoughtful reflections from participants in the Metaliteracy MOOC, and reports and links to presentations from an event on Developing Metaliterate Learners: Transforming Literacy Across Disciplines.
Photo by Sheila Webber: reflections of Sheffield University Jessop building, February 2014

Tuesday, February 04, 2014

2014 Information Literacy Summit: Into the Next Generation:

On 25 April 2014 at the Moraine Valley Community College campus (Palos Hills, USA) there is the 2014 Information Literacy Summit: Into the Next Generation: The Future of Information Literacy. The keynote is from Trudi Jacobson (University at Albany, SUNY; Co-Chair of ACRL Information Literacy Competency Standards for Higher Education Task Force) and Tom Mackey (SUNY Empire State College) on Changing Models, Changing Emphases: The Evolution of Information Literacy. Cost is $40 for attendees or $20 for presenters. Registration at http://informationliteracysummit.org/registration/
Photo by Sheila Webber: shabby chic cabinet, Haga, Gothenburg, January 2014

Monday, February 03, 2014

New articles: evaluation; lifelong learning; humanities information behaviour; embedding librarians

The latest issue of the priced publication Reference Services Review (volume 42, issue 1) is available online. Articles include:
- Evaluating an Instruction Program with Various Assessment Measures: Sarah R. Gewirtz
- Promoting Lifelong Learning through Government Document Information Literacy: Curriculum and Learning Assessment in the Government Document Information Literacy Program (GDILP) at Washington State University: B. Jane Scales, Marilyn Von Seggern
- Information Behaviour of Humanities PhDs on an Information Literacy Course: Ronan Madden
- Academic Business Librarians' Assistance to Community Entrepreneurs: Louise Mort Feldmann
- Retaining Students by Embedding Librarians into Undergraduate Research Experiences: Jeffrey A. Knapp, Nicholas J. Rowland, Eric P. Charles
Abstracts at http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?issn=0090-7324&volume=42&issue=1
Photo by Sheila Webber: synchronised cranes, Sheffield, February 2014

Sunday, February 02, 2014

cfp Connecticut Information Literacy Conference

There is a call for proposals for the 13 June 2014 Connecticut Information Literacy Conference, titled Our New Frontier: Metaliteracy, Threshold Concepts, New Standards, and Other Wild Ideas, to be held at Manchester Community College, Connecticut, USA. Deadline for proposals is 28 February 2014. Proposals can be "general session presentations, panel discussions, or breakout workshops (45-50 minutes long with a 10-15 minute Q & A session)." "Today’s information literacy landscape can certainly feel like uncharted territory. Lifelong learners require skills in a wide range of literacies including digital, media, and visual. How will these multiple literacies transform the ways in which we interact with students both inside and outside the classroom? What will changing ACRL standards mean to existing information literacy programs?". More information here: http://ctlibraryassociation.org/content.php?page=CT_Information_Literacy_Conference
Picture taken by Sheila Webber in the virtual world, Second Life (trademark Linden Lab), on Cougar Sangria's estate

Lever initiative

The Lever Initiative is a project on open access book publishing, supported by The Oberlin Group of liberal arts colleges (in the USA). "This project explores whether libraries collectively could launch a sustainable Open Access press to provide scholars editorial attention worthy of their best work in whatever form this might take – and offer it to the world." In December 2013 they put a review of "the current open access book publishing landscape" and they had an online survey of academics about their views on open book publishing: the survey closed in December and there is a preview of results in the December 2013 newsletter which is on the Lever website. http://leverinitiative.wordpress.com/
No, you can't have the blackbird. (Photo by Sheila Webber, taken in Second Life (trademark Linden Lab) - this is me with one of my kittycats, Hestia

Friday, January 31, 2014

Library Teachmeet #staffsltm Staffordshire University: 18 March 2014

There is a free Getting the message across Library Teachmeet at Staffordshire University, UK, on 18 March 2014 from 11:00 to 14:00. Refreshments provided. There are places for presenters (10 min presentations) or "enthusiastic audience members". In presentations, examples can include promotion (of your service or yourself!), support/training for students or staff, working with academics or embedding your service. To book, and for more information, http://staffs-teachmeet.eventbrite.co.uk
Photo by Sheila Webber: mossy seat, Gothenburg, January 2014

Thursday, January 30, 2014

Bowman Library Research Skills Tutorial

The PRIMO site of the month for December 2013 was the Bowman Library Research Skills Tutorial. PRIMO is a database of recommended online resources for teaching information literacy, on the ACRL website. The PRIMO team interview whoever produced the Site of The Month as well: this time it was Linda K. Smith and Lisa Velarde, Bowman Library, Menlo College. The tutorial itself is at http://www.menlo.edu/library/research/tutorial/ and the interview is at http://www.ala.org/acrl/aboutacrl/directoryofleadership/sections/is/iswebsite/projpubs/primo/site/2013december

Wednesday, January 29, 2014

6 February, Sheffield: Information Literate Lives in the 21st Century

On Thursday 6 February 11.00-12.30 UK time, there will be a (free) presentation and discussion at the Information School, University of Sheffield, UK: Information Literate Lives in the 21st Century. This is a Centre for Information Literacy Research event. I (Sheila Webber, Senior Lecturer, Information School, University of Sheffield) and Bill Johnston (Research Fellow, Centre for Lifelong Learning, Strathclyde University) will give a presentation: Information Literate lives in the 21st Century. This is a revised version of the invited talk given at the European Conference on Information Literacy (Istanbul): the powerpoint from that ECIL talk is at http://www.slideshare.net/sheilawebber/information-literate-lives-in-the-21st-century. After the presentation, there will be an open discussion about future events and plans for the Information School's Centre for Information Literacy Research. Tea/coffee and biscuits will be available. You can book here: http://www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/information-literate-lives-in-the-21st-century-tickets-10323434671
If you have any questions, contact me (Sheila Webber, s.webber@sheffield.ac.uk)

Tuesday, January 28, 2014

Information literacy competency standards for nursing

The (US) Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL) approved Information literacy competency standards for nursing in October 2013. They are based around the existing ACRL standards and focused mainly on use of the published evidence base. The standards are here: http://www.ala.org/acrl/standards/nursing
- There is a short article just published (with essentially the same text as the above web page):
College and research libraries news.(2014) Information literacy competency standards for nursing: Approved by the ACRL Board of Directors, October 2013. College and research libraries news, 75(1), 34-41. http://crlnews.highwire.org/content/75/1/34.full.pdf+html
- There is an article about the rationale and process:
Phelps, S. (2013) Designing the Information Literacy Competency Standards for Nursing. Medical Reference Services Quarterly, 32(1), 111-118.
- There is a document on the (US) Health Sciences Interest Group wiki which relates the ACRL standards to key nursing education documents:
Phelps, S. et al. (2012) The Essentials of Baccalaureate Education for Professional Nursing Practice and The Essentials of Master’s Education in Nursing
As They Apply to the ACRL Information Literacy Competency Standards.
http://healthsciencesinterestgroup.wikispaces.com/file/view/mapping_acrl_standards_to_nursing_essentials_pdf_17905.pdf
Photo: me interacting with a sculpture, Gothenburg, January 2014

Monday, January 27, 2014

Symposium on Integrating Library & Information Resources into Chemistry Curricula

There is a call for proposals for the Symposium on Integrating Library and Information Resources into Chemistry Curricula, which takes place as part of the 2014 Biennial Conference on Chemical Education, 3-7 August 2014 at Grand Valley State University, Michigan, USA. The deadline for proposals is 28 February. "This symposium provides a forum for librarians and teachers to share activities that help students find and evaluate information resources in the context of a science course. Of particular interest are chemistry projects that incorporate information literacy as a learning outcome – or any activities that integrate information literacy and chemical literacy. All forms of activities are encouraged, including assignments, course projects, in-class activities, video tutorials, and online activities." Presentations are 15 minutes plus five minutes for questions. Information on submitting abstracts is at: http://www.bcce-submissions.com
Photo by Sheila Webber: bird tracks, Gothenburg, January 2014

New articles: Using wikipedia; Flipped classroom; Comedians; Who teaches IL

Open access (free):
Calhoun, C. (2014) Using Wikipedia in information literacy instruction: Tips for developing research skills. College and Research Libraries News, 75(1), 32-33. http://crlnews.highwire.org/content/75/1/32.full
Arnold-Garza, S (2014) The flipped classroom: Assessing an innovative teaching model for effective and engaging library instruction. College and Research Libraries News, 75(1), 10-13. http://crlnews.highwire.org/content/75/1/10.full
Tewell, E.C. (2014) What stand-up comedians teach us about library instruction: Four lessons for the classroom. College and Research Libraries News, 75(1), 28-30. http://crlnews.highwire.org/content/75/1/28.full

Subscription (priced):
Weiner, S. (2014) Who Teaches Information Literacy Competencies? Report of a Study of Faculty. College Teaching, 62(1), 5-12. Preview at http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/87567555.2013.803949#preview
Photo by Sheila Webber: Reflections, Gothenburg, January 2014

Thursday, January 23, 2014

Programme out for the #i2c2 conference

The i2c2. Innovation, Inspiration and Creativity Conference takes place on 6-7 March 2014 at Studio Venues, Manchester, UK. The programme is now up on the website. They key speakers are David White (Working in the space between education, academia and technology) and Brendan Dawes (Fillings for rectangles) and there are numerous interesting sessions. For more info go to: http://i2c2conference.org/programme.html#gallagher
Photo by Sheila Webber: wet berries in sunlight, January 2014

Wednesday, January 22, 2014

Introduction to OERs for teaching information literacy: Glasgow: 12 February

On 12 February 2014 there is an event at Glasgow Caledonian University, Scotland, an Introduction to OERs (Open Educational Resources) for teaching information literacy. This uis associated with project coPilot. "This workshop will give a practical introduction to OER for teaching information literacy. Though a mixture of presentation, group work and hands-on activity participants will learn to find, evaluate and consider adopting OER for use in their own practice." A free sandwich lunch is provided. To book, go to: https://www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/copilot-comes-to-scotland-tickets-10257050113
Photo by Sheila Webber: Semla and coffee at my favourite cafe in Gothenburg, January 2014.Yum.

iTEC project: workshop IL and learning scenarios: final places!

On 3 April 2014 13.00 to 17.00 UK time, at Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK, there is a half day workshop Information literacy: Future trends, scenarios and learning activities. 4 tickets left when I looked just now! It is free.
"The Europe-wide iTEC project is a 4-year project focussed on methods for fundamentally redesigning teaching and learning for the twenty-first century. During this half-day workshop, participants will take part in a series of activities devised as part of this project, including identifying future trends; using these as the basis for learning scenarios; and creating learning activities using the InFlow information literacy model (http://issuu.com/happinessdragon/docs/inflow_model__nov_13_). Although iTEC is focused on schools, the workshop is designed to be suitable for library staff in all types of educational setting." Register at http://www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/information-literacy-future-trends-scenarios-learning-activities-tickets-10252707123

Tuesday, January 21, 2014

Judy O'Connell and Tara Brabazon Talk Tech videos

Judy O'Connell (Courses Director, School of Information Studies in the Faculty of Education, Charles Sturt University , Wagga Wagga) and Tara Brabazon (Professor of Education and Head of the School of Teacher Education at Charles Sturt University) did a series of short tech talk videos at the end of last year. They are: Email and the digital glut; Information Organization; Managing Digital Lives; reating rich learning management systems; Open Access Resources; Fast Media; Sound and Vision; The Google Effect; Are books dead; The future? Mobility. There is an introductory post here http://judyoconnell.com/2013/11/03/j3t-judy-and-tara-talk-tech/ and they are all on Tara Brabazon's Youtube channel here http://www.youtube.com/user/TaraBrabazon?feature=mhum I have embedded the introductory one, below.


Monday, January 20, 2014

Swedish information research

Last week I visited the Swedish School of Library and Information Science, University of Borås, to hold a research seminar, and in particular to discuss information literacy research with Ola Pilerot and Professor Louise Limberg. You can see lists of some of their recent publications if you follow the links I just gave, but I thought I would also highlight a couple of recent publications directly.

- Pilerot, O. (2013). A practice theoretical exploration of information sharing and trust in a dispersed community of design scholars. Information Research, 18(4) paper 595. http://InformationR.net/ir/18-4/paper595.html

- If you can speak Swedish, an interesting new book about school libraries:
Limberg, L. and Lundh, A.H. (Eds.) (2013) Skolbibliotekets roller i förändrade landskap : en forskningsantologi. (The role of the school library in a changing landscape: a research anthology). Lund: BTJ Förlag. http://www.adlibris.com/se/bok/skolbibliotekets-roller-i-forandrade-landskap-en-forskningsantologi-9789170187582 and in pdf form http://www.kb.se/Dokument/Bibliotek/projekt/Slutrapport%202013/Skolbibliotekets%20roller%20slutrapport%202013.pdf

They are both also part of the major Learning, Interaction and Mediated Communication in Contemporary Society (LinCS) project, which I think I have mentioned before. The focus of the research centre is "on issues of the relationship between learning and media, in particular how digital technologies and media transform how knowledge and information circulate in society, and the implications of these developments for learning at the individual and collective level."
Photo by Sheila Webber: my hotel last week, the Ibis in Gothenburg (the rooms are pretty standard Ibis rooms, but nice views on the river side of the boat)

Friday, January 17, 2014

Next blog post Journal Club: 22nd January 8pm UK time: UNESCO's Media and Information Literacy resolution

The next online online blog-comment information literacy Journal Club meeting takes place at 8-9 pm UK time on Wednesday 22 January 2014 (see http://tinyurl.com/kr8qvhb for times elsewhere). To participate you go to http://infolitjournalclub.blogspot.co.uk/2014/01/next-blog-post-journal-club-22nd.html (where there is more information) and comment on that blog post.

The topic will be the resolution on Media and Information Literacy that was approved by the UNESCO General Conference in November 2013. UNESCO member countries are now encouraged by UNESCO to endorse these at a national level. This provides an opportunity to lobby governments to address information literacy at a strategic level.

Do join us for the real-time discussion of this short document at 8pm UK time on the 22nd, or you can add comments afterwards (or before) if you can't make it at that time. We will be encouraging discussion of questions such as:

- What can be done (or is already being done) in your country to lobby and challenge your government about these recommendations?
- Who can we work with on getting UNESCO member states to (quoting the resolution) "to take the Media and Information Literacy Recommendations into consideration during the planning of future strategies, policies, and initiatives on education, lifelong learning, literacy, and other areas which will contribute to building a Knowledge Society."
- How can we ensure that there isn't a focus on media literacy to the exclusion of information literacy?
- Should we rebrand all our information literacy efforts as "Media and Information Literacy" (rather than "Information Literacy"? For example, I understand that the Swedish Library Association has gone in this direction. (by the way, my view on this is a definite "no" but it will be interesting to have a debate!)

The full draft resolution is at http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0022/002242/224273e.pdf

If you want to see what a blog post discussion looks like, just click on any of the previous discussion posts on the journal club blog at http://infolitjournalclub.blogspot.co.uk/

Thursday, January 16, 2014

International Librarians’ Conference: Western Balkan Information Literacy: Call for papers

There is a call for papers for the 11th International Librarians’ Conference: Western Balkan Information Literacy which takes place 11-14 June 2014 in Bihac, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The conference theme is: Embracing Relentless Change: Information Literacy and Lifelong Learning in a Digital Age. The conference organizers are The County and University Library of Bihac (Bosnia and Herzegovina), Limerick Institute of Technology (Ireland) and University of Bihac (Bosnia and Herzegovina). Deadline for submission of papers is May 16 2014. There is a large scope for submissions, with the main sub-themes being: IL in the modern world; Librarians as support to the Lifelong Learning process; Media and Information Literacy, theoretical approaches; New aspects of education/ strategic planning etc.
Go to http://conference.bibliotekabihac.com/ for more information
Photo by Sheila Webber: Clothes Library, Gothenburg, January 2014

Wednesday, January 15, 2014

LILAC Conference: 3 free places

There are free places at the LILAC (UK information literacy) conference that takes place in Sheffield, UK, 23-25 April 2014. They are available for librarians working in the following sectors: Schools/ Further Education; Public libraries; Health. The deadline for application is 7 February 2014.
"To be eligible for a place you must be a librarian or information professional working in the above mentioned sectors. You will have to show your commitment to information literacy by writing a short personal statement and explain what benefits you would gain from attending the conference and how you intend to use your conference experience in your home institution." More information at http://www.lilacconference.com/WP/bursaries/
Photo by Sheila Webber: Cushions, Haga district, Gothenburg, January 2014

Tuesday, January 14, 2014

Project Information Literacy

In December 2013 The US Project Information Literacy published a research report about first-year university students and information literacy. It is based on interviews with 35  first year students (from 6 institutions), a survey of school and university students (all in the USA) and analysis of library resources."In this study, we investigate the challenges today's freshmen face, and the information-seeking strategies they develop, use, and adapt as they make the transition from high school to college and begin to complete college research assignments."
Head, A. (2013) Learning the Ropes: How Freshmen Conduct Course Research Once They Enter College. Project Information Literacy. 
http://projectinfolit.org/pdfs/PIL_2013_FreshmenStudy_FullReport.pdf
The main website is at http://projectinfolit.org
There is also a related video: Major Findings: PIL's Freshmen Study. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BWNGZUa952A&feature=youtu.be
Photo by Sheila Webber: Crows in trees, Gothenburg, January 2014

Friday, January 10, 2014

Journal Club in Second Life: 16 January: Conceptualising information literacy as social practice

Join us in the virtual world Second Life for a one-hour discussion of an open-access article. Led by me (Sheila Webber, Sheila Yoshikawa in Second Life) we will be discussing:
Papen, U. (2013) Conceptualising information literacy as social practice: a study of pregnant women's information practices. Information Research, 18(2) http://InformationR.net/ir/18-2/paper580.html


When: 16 January 2014 12.30 noon SL time (which is 8.30pm UK time and the same
as US pacific time: see http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20140116T1230&p1=234 for times elsewhere)

Where: Infolit iSchool Journal Club room, in the virtual world Second Life, http://maps.secondlife.com/secondlife/Infolit%20iSchool/106/209/31 You need a SL avatar and the Second Life browser installed on your computer.

Everyone is welcome to join the one-hour discussion. A Sheffield iSchool Centre for Information Literacy Research event.
The picture shows the Journal Club on 5th November 2013.

First steps into learning and teaching in higher education; and a student video

There is an online course that is available free non-assessed, or as a priced tutor-marked assessed course. Oxford Brookes University (that have specialised in these courses for some years) are offering First steps into learning and teaching in higher education (FSLT), January 27 2014 to March 7 2014. "The course relies on sharing knowledge with your peers, and will leave you better informed about teaching and learning in higher education and confident that you could try out new things. Through the course you may also form and strengthen your professional support network of teachers in higher education." "On successful completion of this module, you should be able to: Identify and share key texts in the field of learning and teaching in higher education, and illustrate the personal-professional impact of such texts on your practice; Identify, reflect on and critique your knowledge and understanding of the theory and practice of learning and teaching in higher education; Appraise your learning and teaching skills and critically evaluate your professional practice in your local context, identifying your own professional development needs; Propose, plan and present an evaluation of a learning activity to a virtual (online) conference; Recommend appropriate improvements to the learning experience within your teaching programme; Engage in both collaborative as well as individual professional development practices at an appropriate level of academic, digital and research literacy; Apply global perspectives to your work in higher education." More information at http://www.brookes.ac.uk/services/ocsld/online/first_steps/index.html

This video Teaching and the digital world is nothing to do with the above, but is on the teaching theme. My university (University of Sheffield) had a competition for students, for them to make a short video about digital teaching. This is the one which won, from Kieran Bentley

Wednesday, January 08, 2014

Online discussion, 15 January: Teaching the art of academic dialogue: a discussion on threshold concepts

The ACRL (US Association of College and Research Libraries) Instruction Section is holding a Midwinter Current Issues Discussion Forum online, January 15, 2014 at 2.00-3.30 US Central time (see http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20140115T14&p1=64 for times elsewhere). This coincides with the ACRL Midwinter conference, I think. The theme is Teaching the art of academic dialogue: a discussion on threshold concepts. "Kathleen Langan, Humanities Librarian at Western Michigan University, will lead a lively discussion on the value of using threshold concepts to shape information literacy instruction. We’ll discuss the importance of teaching students the “whys” of research rather than just the “how-tos” and learn how this shift in curricular focus can help librarians impart a meaningful and lasting understanding of research." To register go to http://ala.adobeconnect.com/e9bddjq7g5h/event/registration.html The event on January 15 is at http://ala.adobeconnect.com/e9bddjq7g5h/event/login.html
Photo by Sheila Webber: Trafalgar square (with the blue cockeral on the "4th plinth"), January 2014

Monday, January 06, 2014

Journal of academic librarianship latest articles

Articles in the latest issue of the (priced) Journal of academic librarianship (Volume 39, Issue 6, 2013) include:
- Faculty–Librarian Micro-Level Collaboration in an Online Graduate History Course; Pages 458-463; Erin Dorris Cassidy, Kenneth E. Hendrickson
- Factors Predicting the Importance of Libraries and Research Activities for Undergraduates; Pages 464-470; Krista M. Soria
- Just Enough of a Good Thing: Indications of Long-Term Efficacy in One-Shot Library Instruction; Pages 488-499; Elizabeth R. Spievak, Pamela Hayes-Bohanan
- Distance Learners' Self-efficacy and Information Literacy Skills; Pages 517-521; Yingqi Tang, Hung Wei Tseng
- Intentional Informationists: Re-envisioning Information Literacy and Re-designing Instructional Programs Around Faculty Librarians' Strengths as Campus Connectors, Information Professionals, and Course Designers; Pages 546-551; Debra Hoffmann, Amy Wallace
- Game as Book: Selecting Video Games for Academic Libraries based on Discipline Specific Knowledge; Pages 522-527; Christopher M. Thomas, Jerremie Clyde
Journal home page at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00991333
Photo by Sheila Webber: Neighbour's Christmas wreath, December 2013

Friday, January 03, 2014

Presentations from #ecil2013 online: a great resource!

Many presentations from the European Conference on Information Literacy (held in October 2013) have been put online. Although they are not all there, this is a great resource, as there were a huge number of presentations, on all sorts of aspects of information literacy. There are presentations from people in many different countries, with both research-focused and practice-focused presentations. The links are on the programme page at http://ecil2013.ilconf.org/program/
Photo by Sheila Webber: Christmas ornament, 2013

Thursday, January 02, 2014

Revolutionising Libraries with Social Media

Revolutionising Libraries with Social Media is a Libguides site from Judy O'Connell (Charles Sturt University) which was (I think) created for a workshop in November 2011 with sections on things like "The case for social media" and on specific social media. http://libraryschool.libguidescms.com/content.php?pid=270481&sid=2231502
I found the reference of this in: O'Connell, J. (2013) Working with technology is more than a trivial pursuit. Connecting Commonwealth Librarians, (18), 4-5. http://heyjude.files.wordpress.com/2006/06/oc_link_issue_18.pdf
Photo by Sheila Webber: Christmas ornament, 2013

Wednesday, January 01, 2014

Sheila Ivy Starns; 31 Dec 1921 - 5 Nov 2013

My mother would have been 92 yesterday. She passed away, after a decline in health, in November (the reason why my blogging was a little more erractic that month). Although it's nothing to do with information literacy, I'd like to use today's New Year's post to provide a short memorial to her (that's her on the right, in her early thirties).

She was born Sheila Ivy Hancock in 1921, and was the second eldest of seven children. She is survived by my aunts Jane, Doreen and Margeret, but her brothers Jim (the eldest), John and Ted predeceased her. She was brought up by her maternal grandparents; my great-grandfather managed one of Thomas Tilling Ltd.'s stables, hiring out horses and carriages, near Baker Street in London. She survived childhood illnesses including rheumatic fever, and must have been bright and intelligent. She got a place to continue on at school, but was expected to leave school at 14 (by that time her grandfather had died, and they had to move away immediately, she later moved back with the rest of her family).

Her first job, at 14, was as an apprentice seamstress at a couture house in London: after a year they offered her a sort of promotion, but by that time she was fed up of the long commute, long hours, low pay and volatile atmosphere, and she gave up the post. She was much happier taking up a more local job in a dairy shop, rising to become manageress at quite a young age. This work was interrupted during the war. She experienced the London Blitz, with houses close by destroyed, and then she signed up with the ATS (Auxiliary Territorial Service).

Initially she was a telephonist, then she trained to be a driver. At one point she was offered the job as colonel's driver, but she said that she thought this would be too boring, with lots of hanging about, so she opted to drive lorries, which were sent in convey to major cities up and down the country (including Edinburgh). Apart from the lorries being tough to drive, of course there were no lights during night driving, because of the blackout. One of her anecdotes, (that she recalled not long before she died), was in an early convoy, when she stuck her head out of the window at a roundabout and her hat blew off. She was in a quandry: stopping the lorry would get her into trouble, but so would losing her hat. In the end she stopped, grabbed her hat and (from what it sounds) charmed her way into getting into no trouble with the sargeant. When I say "charm", it wouldn't have been a wheedling charm, she had charm with an iron will behind it ;-)

After she had returned to her job in civilian life and enjoyed some years of independence, she got engaged to, and then married, my father, Tom Starns, in 1951 at age 29. He worked in the family greengrocer and florist business with his brothers and sister. My mother moved to Essex with him, initially over a shop (where I was born, an only child, in 1953) and then to a house near Romford. My mother helped in the shop sometimes, but she preferred staying at home. She read to me a lot; I remember acting out the Teaparty scene from Alice in Wonderland with her. When I was 12 my father sold his part of the greengrocer business, and we moved to Patcham, in Sussex, near Brighton.

We had two shops: the larger one, a hardware shop, we lived above, and my mother managed full time. Oddly, this shop is still called T.C. Starns (my father's name) although the business must have changed hands a couple of times since she sold it. They also leased the next-door-but-one shop, which my father managed as an ironmonger's. Between them those two shops sold everything you might want in the hardware and ironmongery line, and neither of my parents ever got much of a holiday. My mother did excellent window displays to entice in the customers, got on well with the customers and was terrifically well organised.
They were both still working in the shops when my father died suddenly of an aneurism. She had to keep the shops going for a while, so the business could be sold as a going concern, which was pretty awful for her.
For the last  30 years of her life she lived on her own in a bungalow near Eastbourne, in Sussex. She made friends and took up yoga, which she continued with into her seventies. She was a very good gardener and until the last years, when she couldn't do things herself, her garden was a picture. She was also good at baking, in particular, and was well known for her shortbread and sponges.
My mother was very independent, and got increasingly frustrated with her declining health. She will live on now, in her neighbours' s and relatives' memories.