Learning programmes for older adults.

This report is particularly related to my interest in education for older people, and combatting ageism: it has recommendations for upskilling and reskilling of older people. Sadly, information literacy isn't mentioned, but it does talk about aspects of digital literacy.
UNESCO and Shanghai Open University. (2026). Implementing effective reskilling and upskilling: learning programmes for older adults. UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000397435
The report describes examples from Colombia, Japan, Singapore, Sweden and the United States of America (USA) taking different approaches. For example there is the example of The Senior University: A lifelong learning experience for older adults at the Universidad del Rosario, Colombia. The report ends with recommendations. 
Photo by Sheila Webber: lilac and buttercups, May 2026

iConference proceedings published

The proceedings of the iConference (held in March-April 2026) have been published as a special issue of open access journal Information Research (volume 31 no. iconf(2026). There's lots about AI! Papers include:
- Beyond the loop: a research agenda towards a framework for critical AI literacy in the AI-assisted literature review by Dipesh Jalui, Mary Tate, Jocelyn Cranefield 
- Disability misinformation on Facebook: a comparison of LLM-based fact-checking tools by Ian Prazak, Leah Padovani, Yool Lim, Julia (Hsin-Ping) Hsu, Myeong Lee 
- Shared agency in information behaviour research: Human–Nonhuman interactions by Niloofar Solhjoo, Jia Tina Du, Yazdan Mansourian 
- The role of misinformation in elder fraud: a conceptual framework by Jiangping Chen, Milo P. Ono 
- Breaking the mold of knowledge imposition: reconstruct the digital literacy education model in academic libraries under the Scottish enlightenment by ZhenJia Fan, YiMei He
 - Reframing creative learning: a conceptual framework for design literacy in the GenAI era by Asif H Zeshan, Xiao Hu 
- Dimensions of information search strategies: a study of blind and visually impaired users in mobile digital library environments by Iris Xie, Wonchan Choi, Hyun Seung Lee, Ning Chiao Wang, Bo Hyun Hong 
- Seeking the mission and opportunities for LIS in the AI era: a systematic review of empirical research on teenagers' artificial intelligence literacy (TAIL) by Jing Liu, Jiajing Ma, Guoye Sun, Shu Fan
 - Inclusive media and information literacy (IMIL): Building a framework for an age of preparedness and responsibilisation by Hanna Carlsson, Lisa Engström, Lisa Olsson Dahlquist 
- Scaffolding resilience: the influence of an iSchool’s media and information literacy courses by Frey Aura Galario, Dan Anthony Dorado, Benedict Salazar Olgado 
- ‘Ugh, it’s a difficult topic’: Positionality statements as information use in information and library science research by Alex H. Poole, Ashley Todd-Diaz
Go to https://publicera.kb.se/ir/issue/view/5744
Photo by Sheila Webber: cherry blossom cluster, April 2026

#LILAC preview: Digital Literacy through arts and culture activities: supporting older adults

My next post sharing a preview of colleagues' LILAC conference presentations is from Dr Pamela McKinney, about a session which be on day 2 of the conference (31st March), Digital Literacy through arts and culture activities: supporting older adults. The abstract is here. Pam writes: 

This presentation will report on the findings from a small-scale pilot study that took place in Leeds in 2025 to understand how creativity can foster digital literacy and digital inclusion oin older adults. The project was led by my colleague Dr Sharon Wagg, and funded by the Arts Council. 
The project team, including PhD student Laura Woods and our collaborators, 100% Digital Leeds collected data from organisations in Leeds about their approaches to supporting digital inclusion in older adults that focused on arts, culture and creativity. We discovered a really broad spread of activities, including: 
- Digital art and multimedia creation e.g. digital collage, zine-making, animations, digital Christmas cards, digital embroidery 
- Virtual Reality & Augmented Reality e.g history experiences on VR headsets 
- Engagement with local history e.g. using the Leodis image archive for research 
- Digital photography e.g. to record experiences on an excursion, or to align wth other interests e.g. gardening, walking 
- Creative writing, storytelling, folklore and oral history 
- Online and hybrid arts and culture activities e.g. dance and cooking. 
- Digital music making 
We found that a caring orientation, which focused on fun and play, was really effective for supporting digital inclusion “by stealth”. Older people told us that the support they received these organisations helped them engage more with digital tools and services in other areas of their lives. The project website has links to our report, infographic and podcast, and the toolkit developed by 100% Digital Leeds
Photo of an older man with camera, "Photography", from the Centre for Ageing Better age-positive image library

#LILAC26 preview: information experiences of female engineering students; Learning Sets; Digital literacy

I continue sharing previews of Sheffield colleagues' sessions at the LILAC conference . Today's is from Laura Woods, talking about the three sessions she is involved with. Laura writes. 

I am fortunate to be speaking three times at LILAC this year! I’ve never given multiple presentations at a conference before, but all three of my presentations are from entirely separate projects, so I’m excited to be able to bring them all to LILAC. 
My first presentation is on day 1 of the conference, and will present preliminary findings from my PhD research into the information experiences of female engineering undergraduates at UK universities. I am actually revisiting a presentation I gave at LILAC in 2025, which shared results from my pilot study, at an earlier stage of my research. I’m hoping that any attendees who were there in 2025 will be able to see how my research has developed since completing all of my data collection and beginning data analysis.
My second presentation will be in the morning of day 2, where I will be presenting alongside Dr Pam McKinney. We are sharing the results of an Arts Council-funded project, looking at how creative and arts-based activities can be a gateway to digital literacy for older people. This has been a fascinating project that I’ve felt privileged to be part of, so I am looking forward to discussing the project with the LILAC audience. [There will be more about this from Pam, tomorrow!]
Finally, also on day 2, I am hosting a workshop to launch the Information Literacy Group’s (ILG) inaugural LILAC Learning Sets programme. This is a pilot scheme we are launching this year, aimed at enabling LILAC attendees to form connections and sustain these past the end of the conference. If you are attending LILAC and interested in participating in the LILAC Learning Sets, there is still time to sign up for the workshop - but places are limited! To register for the workshop, sign into your account on the LILAC website, then scroll down to “Book your conference sessions”.
Image: this year's LILAC logo, celebrating Sheffield's women of steel

Bridging the grey digital divide: enhancing ICT learning for older adults; research report

A new UNESCO 80-page publication: 
UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning, Shanghai Open University & Institute for the Future of Education. (2025). Bridging the grey digital divide: enhancing ICT learning for older adults; research report. UNESCO. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000396040 ISBN: 978-92-820-1261-1
Photo by Sheila Webber: autumnal tree in the park, November 2025.

AI + Age-Friendly Media and Information Literacy: Gerontechnology: slides #ECIL2025

Today's post is a link to the presentation that Bill Johnston and I gave at the European Conference on Information Literacy last week, AI + Age-Friendly Media and Information Literacy: Gerontechnology.
In the presentation we defined Ageism, and looked at the intersection of AI and Ageism. The AI generated images on the title slide (presented here) show how ageism is embedded (notably the small older woman sitting with the big AI robot pressing on her toes!)
We defined Gerontechnology ("the interaction between aging individuals and technology, aiming to develop technologies that promote the health, safety, independence, and social engagement of older adults” (Ji et al., 2025, p2) and then looked at Ageism + AI + Gerontechnology (The World Health Organization has published a report on this).
In response we highlighted: firstly the 3 Media & Information Literacy roles for older people that are proposed in our Age-Friendly Media and Information Literate (#AFMIL) model (Webber & Johnston, 2019); secondly, the need to exlplore older people's Digital Repertoires (rather than concentrating just on digital skills) and finally we presented Birkland's (2019) interesting typology of older people's technology use. A goal is to to create gerontechnology which is life-wide, creative, and going beyond a focus on care and health.
You can download a copy of the slides (in pdf format) from here https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Ut9j6fIvHa98c44rdEk5hTwW_bUkuTlg/view?usp=drive_link

Recent articles: health information; Vaccine Literacy; Older people's literacies

- Goncalves, R., Faisal, W., Stebbins, T. & Blackberry, I. (2025). Tailoring Information for Adults over 50 living with Cancer in the Age of Social Media: A Systematic Review. Journal of Cancer Policy, Article 100589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcpo.2025.100589 (open access) (Patients are most informed by health care providers (rather than social media). Some interesting conclusions about what is needed from health care providers, identifying diversity of needs, and also interestingly identifying that there seems to be a gap in research about the information needs of those with high health literacy)
- Olorunsaiye, C.Z., Degge, H.M., Osborne, A. et al. (2025). COVID-19 Vaccine Literacy Among Black Pregnant and Postpartum Women in the USA. Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-025-02430-9 (not open access) (This includes the recommendations from the participants in this qualitative stdy for improving Vaccine Literacy)
- Vieira da Silva, C. et al. (2025). Bridging the digital divide: insights from an umbrella review of older adults’ digital competencies for gerontological social work research. European Social Work Research. https://doi.org/10.1332/27551768Y2025D000000038 (not open access)
(This is "an umbrella review that integrates and synthesises research on the digital competencies of older adults from six systematic literature reviews". Part of the conclusion says "As Fang et al (2019) emphasised, co-creating policies and interventions with older adults is essential. Co-creation leads to more relevant and practical interventions that are culturally sensitive, locally anchored and tailored to the diverse realities of older adults. By involving user participation in decision making (Nykänen et al, 2023), social workers ensure a better approach to creating more inclusive and sustainable solutions that empower older adults and foster greater digital equity. Future research in GSW should employ mixed-methods approaches, with a strong emphasis on qualitative methodologies to capture older adults’ digital experiences. Studies should examine how technological advancements foster autonomy, address individual needs and enhance social work practices. Prioritising participatory methods ensures that policies and interventions are informed by the diverse experiences of older adults across gender, disability and socio-economic contexts.")
Photo by Sheila Webber: cherry blossom and leaf, April 2025

Rights of older people #GlobalMILweek

A Spanish-lanuage news release that caught my attention is from the Plataforma de Mayores y Pensionistas (Platform for pensioners and older people). This seems to be an interesting association, bringing together Spanish organisations supporting older people's rights. For Global Media and Information Literacy week they call upon local and national government to support and educate older people to combat disinformation https://www.pmp.org.es/actualidad/noticias/la-pmp-insta-al-gobierno-realizar-un-mayor-esfuerzo-en-materia-de-formacion-y
Photo from the age-positive image library of the Centre for Ageing Better

Age Without Limits Action Day #SeeandbeSeen

Today is Age Without Limits action day, organised by the Centre for Ageing Better in the UK. It is for "challenging the often narrow, negative and stereotypical way that older people and ageing is portrayed in our society". This is the page for Action Day https://www.agewithoutlimits.org/action-day which includes a links to events and a link to the database of age-friendly images (that I've blogged previously). I use one of those images here (Credit: David Tett for the Centre for Ageing Better)
I will highlight the work of two older women I know:
- Information Literacy icon Esther Grassian https://www.linkedin.com/in/esther-grassian-541aab4 and https://sites.google.com/site/esthergrassian/
- Allround awesome inspiration Niela Miller (who I know through the 3D virtual world, Second Life)  https://www.peoplesystemspotential.com/aboutniela.php

Age positive image library moves #nomorewrinklyhands

The Centre for Ageing Better's age positive image library has moved to https://www.agewithoutlimits.org/image-library This is a "free-to-use collection of over 3,000 photos of older people. The photos seek to show a positive and realistic depiction of later life, and to challenge negative stereotypes that we sadly too often see." I particularly like the age-friendly icons collection, and I urge people this resource to use it if they want a photo representing older people. Image published under CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) via Centre for Ageing Better

Seniors United Against Misinformation

Seniors United Against Misinformation: A European Initiative for Media Literacy. An interesting project "We are a EU-funded project that unites three partners from diverse backgrounds and industries. We are united by a strong belief in the power of collaboration and knowledge sharing to tackle society's biggest challenges. We welcome the opportunity to share our experiences with any organization interested in joining us on this journey." https://www.wearesum.eu/
Photo by Sheila Webber: snow, February 2024

#ECIL2023 New clicks: developing user led digital literacies in older adults in Scottish public libraries

Pam McKinney blogging from the second presentation in the doctoral forum at ECIL. Andrew Feeney from Edinburgh Napier university presented a summary of the beginning stages of his PhD research. He intends to use participatory methods with a peer supported approach to understand his topic.
There is a huge range of literature on participatory methods, older adults and public libraries. Older adults are disproportionately and tangibly affected by gaps in digital literacy development. Digital by default negatively affects older adults e.g. public policy often focuses on developments for younger people in schools or the workplace. There are no equivalent policies for older adults. Public Libraries are ideally placed as sites for development as trusted locations.
Participatory methods are useful for meeting older learners on their own terms, and peer supported approaches are under explored in this context. There is a need to address intersectional approaches to information literacy development, and sustainable change needs direct engagement, and the public library is a good place for this to happen. Andrew’s research questions focus on how older adults determine their own digital literacy needs, and how they might address these without formal intervention. How could participatory and peer supported methods address these needs? Andrew is hoping to work with a group of around 40 adults that he already engages with in his professional practice.
He hopes to examine the CILIP definition of information literacy through the research, which prioritises empowerment and engagement. One of the impact areas outlines by CILIP is information literacy in everyday life, and this is key to the research. Participatory research involves the research hers giving up power, and become a participant themselves. Recent studies have shown that targeted engagement work best with older adults. These methods can reach out to older adults that may not have engaged with traditional learning.
Ageing is a non uniform process, and this means that methods should have a range of outputs. The ladder of participation presents a range of ways that participatory research can be conceived, and Andrew is aiming for the top of the ladder which gives more power to participants. An initial establish cohort of participants will help Andrew design the research, and a pilot series of workshops with this cohort will trial and develop new approaches.
Some early conclusions are that current policies do not address the varied and compound digital literacy development needs of older adults. User-led methods proposed can address this, and can develop scalable solutions. Public libraries are already active in this space, but lack a holistic vision that is supported by government policy.
The abstract for this talk is on this page

#ECIL2023 ”A personal doctor will not be replaced by any robot service!” - Older adults’ experiences with personal health information and eHealth services

In this final health literacy themed session, Pam McKinney here live blogging from Day 2 of the ECIL conference. Heidi Enwald presented a research project focusing on older adults funded by the academy of Finland. The project looked at adults aged 55-70, who have an increasing need to access and manage health information - Personal health information management is the term used to describe this activity. Older age is associated with barriers to using technology and digital services.
Based on a systematic review it was identified that there is little research on the storing and management of health information. This project used a postal survey issued to 1500 individuals aged 55-70 in Finland. Questions looked at health information management and in, used both users and non-users of eHealth services. 345 responses were received, 60% were women. This presentation focuses on 2 open-ended questions on the survey. Some answers were quite short.
People were asked about how they store health information, storing information in paper format was still popular, papers were stored in boxes and diaries at home, and digital information was printed for preservation. Preparing for a doctor’s appointment was one reason for checking the information or bringing the papers with them to the appointment “just in case”.
Some people stored their own information about their health e.g. their blood pressure on paper. If people moved house a lot there was an increased need to record information in paper format at home. Others did not see a need to record their own health information - this is the job of the doctor. The management of medicine was seen to be the most concerning aspect of health management.
At the end of the questionnaire people were asked to imagine what an e-health service would look like. Some were happy with the status quo and could not imagine new services. Some thought they had no need for digital health services. Wishes and development ideas focused on ideas such as fixing mistakes quickly, and to have access to video services from home, a fast internet connection was vital for this. The need for services to adapt to ageing patients was seen to be important, people were worried about not keeping up with technological developments. Findability and presentation of information was seen to be important, and the need to maintain human contact and face-to-face in order to address loneliness and mental health problems.
So the study showed that older adults had divided views about ways to manage their health information, and the use of digital health services. A good digital health service should contain versatile health information. People valued physical contact with health professionals. People need health information literacy in order to manage their health information.
Photo by Pam McKinney

Information Mourning Among Retired Faculty Members #ECIL2023

Sheila here, liveblogging again from the European Conference on Information Literacy (ECIL) in Krakow, Poland (this is Sheila) is of Information Mourning Among Retired Faculty Members presented by Paloma Korycińska (abstract is here). As someone approaching retirement this had caught my attention! Korycińska picked up on an image and a quote from the keynote speech to emphasise that she was talking about pain and potential healing.
Her research was originally about information behaviour of retired Polish academics, but as she started to carry out her research it emerged that the academics' experience strongly resembled mourning and bereavement. In 2020 she discovered that
- Information and data loss may be preceived and lived as a kairotic change
- retirement may be lived as a kairotic loss
- kairotic change and kairotic loss can lead to experience of mourning and bereavement
Korycińska explained that Kairos was the Greek god of thunder, symbolising a single moment of opportunity and also a sudden unexpected event that erases your existence. Death is not the only type of kairotic event, it can be anything where it feels like your life has been destroyed and you have to be resilient and reconstruct.
Korycińska characterised kairotic (information) loss as: a borderline event; expected and announced, yet unbearable; erasing/ reconfiguring existence; with no template or recipe for coping; no turning back from it; "what was yours does not belong to you any more"; it has to be embraced.
The toolkit used to explore information loss was Sonnenwald's Information Horizons (as modified by Huvila), and then for the revised research project it also included tracking resilient information behaviour, undertaking indepth interviews (note taking only) with 12 retired Polish academics. As well as noting modifications to information horizons, the researcher also undertook metaphor mapping.
Korycińskanoted that she had a providential encounter with a professional therapist at this stage, who warned her about the danger both to participants and researcher in undertaking research which arouses such painful emotions.
For the new study she has a new recruitment method, is undergoing training about how to undertake this kind of research, is taking advantage of supervision/mentoring; is doing indepth biographical interviews with transcription; doing information horizon drawing; will undertake discourse analyis and her interpretation will focus on remedies.
She alerted us to Bowlby's and Parkes' four phases of bereavement (numbness; yearning; disorganisation & despair; Reorganisation. There are also the 5 stages of mourning: denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance. She also presented a diagram showing a bereavement negotiation scheme.
Finally metaphors her particiapants used included: being dis-embedded; being "confronted with my finitude. alone in singularity". A final word "There is no need that scholars should live retirement as an irreversible loss triggering the process of bereavement"
This talk resonated very much with me, which is something I might blog about when I'm not liveblogging. Another delegate (who has a more receptive culture at their institution, it sounded) was talking about how and whether their individual post-retirement scholarship was still relevant and valued by the profession and community of scholars. He mentioned the feeling of being cut off from information sources, from the networks and so forth. The mourning is connected to loss of identity. Korycińska felt that there could be small steps that institutions could take in order to avoid such feelings of loss - she is aiming to discoverthese through her research.
Photo by Sheila Webber: Krakow in autumn

#ECIL2023 Changes in Older Adult’s Attitudes and Use of Health Information and Communication Technology from 2019 to 2022

Pam McKinney here live blogging with @sheilayoshikawa from the ECIL conference in Krakow, Poland. Augusta Palsdottir from the university of Reykjavik. Augusta began by asserting that being able to make informed decisions about their health they need to have access to quality health information, and digital technologies can help people manage their own health. Rapid developments in the health information landscape means that people have to constantly adjust to new services and new information, and new ways of communicating with health professionals. Older adults adapt less quickly, and may have health conditions that make it difficult to use ICT. They may need help from others and consider electronic information less valuable. Older adults prefer to get information from health professionals, But if there is seen to be high value in electronic health information then older people will use it.

 There is a new online health portal in Iceland, which includes health records and prescriptions, although it is not fully developed. It allows access to high quality information about healthy lifestyles. The aim of the study was to explore the adoption of healthcare ICT in older adults. the studies were quantitative, one took place before covid in 2019, and one in 2022. Both were telephone and internet surveys, focusing on people aged 56 years and over. Questions focused on the use of the electronic health portal Heilsuvera to communicate with health professionals, and to seek information about healthy lifestyles. In 2019 74% seldom used the portal to communicate with doctors, make appointments or send a message, but in 2022 this reduced to 37%. People were encouraged to use the system for covid information, and also to use it to avoid attending the dr surgery. However the results show that there was no increase in the use of the portal for seeking information about healthy living from 2019 to 2022. There was also an increase in confidence to begin to use new technology from 2019 to 2022, and people also found it easier to get help to use new health ICT. There was a positive change in attitude to adopting new health ICTs between the two studies, but they need assistance from friends and family.

Information Literacy as a practice for survival #LILAC23

Today I (Sheila Webber) participated in a panel at the LILAC (Information Literacy) conference, together with Drew Whitworth, Geoff Walton, Alison Hicks and my colleague & fellow blogger Pam McKinney. The session starts with a short "provocation" from each of us, and mine is on older people, infolit and survival. I thought I'd blog my slide since in particular I want to identify that the age positive logo is from the Centre for Ageing Better's image bank (the other photo is one I took of a British street sign).

Firstly I identify two common ways that people talk about older people: the first is portraying older people as a burden, a problem, a dead weight that is threatening the survival of anyone younger; the second portrays older people as in need of saving, as lonely and helpless poor things. In the context of information literacy this means seeing them as needing others to remedy their deficiencies in finding and using information (e.g. health information) and deficiences in being able to use technology to communicate. 

This stereotyping is harmful to older people who want to survive, but also do more than just "survive". In the bottom half of the slide I present the three roles which Bill Johnston and I have identified for Age Friendly media and information literacy. The first role is for everyone: avoiding steroetyping and disinformation in portraying older people. The second involves giving older people a role as consumers of information - finding out their preferences and practices (and not assuming that their practices are "wrong" because they aren't the same as younger people's). The third role is about agency and creativity - seeing older people as being entitled to opportunities to exercise their creativity with information and media.

The Image: Centre for Ageing Better https://ageingbetter.resourcespace.com/?r=8601&k=ccab450b22

New articles: Data cultures; Older adults' proxies; e-health literacy

There is is a new issue (volume 28 issue 1, 2023) of the open access journal Information Research. It includes:
- Data Cultures: a scoping literature review by Gillian Oliver, Jocelyn Cranefield, Spencer Lilley, Matthew Lewellen ("This paper reports the outcomes from a literature review of the concept of data cultures as the first step in extending the body of knowledge relating to information culture in the information science domain and raising awareness of the need for further research.")
- Internet use and e-health literacy among tuberculosis patients in the Directly Observed Therapy Centre, Lagos State, Nigeria by Olalekan Moses Olayemi, Timothy Shola Abolarinwa
- Social Media by Proxy: how older adults work within their ‘social networks’ to engage with social media by Gemma Webster, Frances VC Ryan
Go to https://informationr.net/infres/issue/view/28-1

Addition to Ageing Better photo library

The Centre for Ageing Better has collaborated with Independent Age to add about 700 photos to its database of Age-Friendly images, that are free to use. "The new photos illustrate the experiences of people who are often underrepresented – those who live on low incomes, identify as LGBTQ+ or are aged 70 and above. ... This project hopes to both amplify participants’ voices and increase the visibility of the underrepresented communities involved." https://ageing-better.org.uk/diversifying-ageing-fresh-perspectives-image-library

Photo: Caminada, A. (2022). Women socialising. https://ageingbetter.resourcespace.com/?r=14120&k=08a1de8880 CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0)

#aWomansWork photos

The Centre for Ageing Better has added new images to its age-friendly free-to-use image database. These new photos are images of older women at work. You will see they are in a variety of work situations and have various body types etc. The Centre publicised this by encouraging older women to tweet a photo of themselves at work with the hashtag #awomanswork [I think drawing on the motto "A woman's work is never done"] so I have illustrated this post with the picture I tweeted (taken by me) rather than one of theirs. 

I do use their image database already, and I encourage others to do this as well. When you search on "older person" on general-purpose free image databases, you tend to come up with either the awful wrinkly-hand images or impossibly aspirational pictures. Part of media and information literacy is being aware of the impact these images have on the people concerned.

The database is at  https://ageing-better.org.uk/news/image-library-contributions-invisible-older-women-work

Book: Teaching About Fake News: Lesson Plans for Different Disciplines and Audiences

A book published recently is: Candice Benjes-Small, Wittig, C. & Oberlies, M. (2021). Teaching About Fake News: Lesson Plans for Different Disciplines and Audiences. ACRL. 978-0-8389-3890-4. US $88.00; ALA Member $79.20. https://www.alastore.ala.org/content/teaching-about-fake-news-lesson-plans-different-disciplines-and-audiences
The 23 chapters include: Senior Citizens, Digital Citizens: Improving Information Consumption in Older Adults by Nicole Thomas; It’s a Conspiracy! How, Why, and Where Conspiracy Theories Endure and Thrive by Sarah E. Morris; Evaluating Data Visualizations for Misinformation & Disinformation by Nicole Helregel; Bad Influence: Disinformation and Ethical Considerations of Influencer Marketing Campaigns on Social Media Platforms by Laureen P. Cantwell and Mia Wells; Battling Fake Science News: The Power of Framing by Ekaterina Bogomoletc and Nicholas Eng; Establishing the Fake News-Pseudoscience Connection in a Workshop for Graduate Students by Brian Quinn; Alternative Facts and Actual Profits: Teaching Fake News in a Business Context by Allison F. Gallaspy; Countering Fake News with Collaborative Learning: Engaging Writing Center Tutors in Information Literacy Instruction by Lori Jacobson.